Eukaryotes

 The organisms whose cells contain a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles are called a eukaryotes.

Structure of Eukaryotic Cell

Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cell:

1. Cell size and volume depend on the activities performed by it (5 - 100 μm).
2. Cellulosic cell wall is present only in plant cells.
3. Capsule is absent.
4. Mesosome is absent.
5. Well organized nucleus is present.
6. Mononucleate condition is more common.
7. DNA is linear and is covered by histonic protein (except in mitochondria and plastid).
8. Monocistronic DNA is more common.
9. Three kinds of RNA polymerase are present. One for each - rRNA, mRNA, tRNA.
10. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm.
11. Extranuclear chromosome are absent.
12. Ribosome is 80S (60S + 40S).
13. Protein synthesis is inhibited by cyclohexamide.
14. All organelles are present.
15. Cilia and flagella show characteristic 9+2 arrangement of microtubule and are made up of protein tubulin.
16. Microfilaments are present.
17. True sap vacuoles are common in plant cells.
18. Streaming movement/cyclosis is a common characteristic of cytoplasm.
19. Respiratory enzymes are present in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
20. Cardiolipin lipid is absent.
21. Endo and exocytosis are present.
22. They divide by mitosis and meiosis.
23. Centriole is absent in animal cell and absent in plant cell.
24. Spindle formation occurs during division.
25. e.g. Algae, protistans, metazoans and plants.