Anas Zoology

  (Image Source:  https://pmgbiology.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/chromosomes.jpg?w=300 ) Chromosomes are found inside the nucleus of the cell. The number of chromosomes differ from organism to organism. Humans have 23 pairs i.e. 46 chromosomes. Out of these 23 pairs, 22 pairs are autosomes and 1 pair is of sex chromosomes. Human female have XX as the sex chromosome and human male have XY as the sex chromosome. One set (23 chromosome) is inherited from the maternal (female parent) and another set from the paternal (male parent). Since two sets are present inside the cell, the cell is called as diploid (di=two, ploid=set). All somatic cells of the body are diploid. Gametes (sperm and ovum) contains only one set of chromosomes and hence are called haploid. The number of chromosomes in each somatic cell is the same for all members of a given species.  Chromosome Morphology: (Image Source:  https://microbiologynotes.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/types-of-Telomere.jpg ) C...

(Image Source:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peafowl ) First let us understand the terms peacock, peahen and peafowl. Peacock and Peahen are collectively known as peafowl. This means peafowl can be used to address either a male or a female.  Peacock is the male peafowl. Peahen is the female peafowl. There are 3 types of Peafowls in the world and they are: Indian Peafowl Green Peafowl  Congo Peafowl (Image Source:  https://www.animalspot.net/peafowl ) 1) Indian Peafowl: It is a peafowl species native to the Indian Subcontinent. Sexual dimorphism is seen. Peacocks are brightly colored while peahens have a dull color. Peacocks are iridescent bluish-green in color while peahens are dull brownish-green in color. The most remarkable difference between the two is the tail feathers. Peacocks have long tail feathers while tail feathers of peahens are short.  Indian Peacock (Image Source:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_peafowl#/media/File:Peacock,_East_Park,_...

This post belongs to the cryptozoology series. Cryptozoology is the study of cryptids. Cryptids are organisms whose existence or survival is disputed or unsubstantiated. Abominable Snowman (Yeti): Distribution: The Himalayan Mountains of Nepal, Kashmir, India, and Bhutan; the southern Tibetan Plateau; southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China; northwestern Yunnan Province, China. The Sherpas in the Himalayas often speak of two or three types of Yeti, though the classifications get blurred.  Scientific name: Dinanthropoides nivalis , given by Bernard Heuvelmans in 1958. Description:  Muscular. Height, 5 feet 6 inches–7 feet 6 inches tall. Weight, 200–400 pounds. Covered with a thick coat of dark grayish-brown or reddish-brown hair. The dark Yetis are said to be larger than the reddish ones. Less hair on the face. Both white and dark skin have been reported. Flat nose. Wide mouth. Large teeth. Females have large breasts. Arms reach to its knees. Large hands. Long finger...

  (Image Source:  https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2013/08/04/image-of-the-week-botryllus-organism/ ) The Urochordata also known as Tunicata is a part of Phylum Chordata. General Characteristics of Urochordates: They are marine and sedentary. Their body is enclosed in a test/tunica. Notochord is present in the tail region in larvae (hence urochordate) and disappears in adults. Alimentary canal is complete and are ciliary feeders. Respiration is through numerous gill slits (Stigmata) which opens into the ectoderm lined cavity, the atrium. They show open circulation. They have special corpuscles, vanadocytes (except in Herdmania ) to extract vanadium from sea water and store it in blood vessels. Dorsal tubular nerve chord appears only in larval stage, which in adults is replaced by a single dorsal ganglia. Sense organs are in the form of receptors. Excretion is by nephrocytes, pyloric gland or neural gland. Asexual reproduction is by budding. Mostly hermaphrodite. Their developmen...

INTEGUMENT: Vertebrate body is covered by a tough, three layered body wall consisting of outer integument, middle muscular layer, and inner coelomic epithelium. It displays important morphological and physiological variations between different vertebrate groups depending on their adaptations for various habitats and mode of life. However, being a protective covering the integument is basically similar in structure in all vertebrates. Histologically skin is made up of two distinct layers. Epidermis: Ectodermal, stratified squamous epithelium, made up of few to several layers of cells. These layers include: Stratum germinativum/stratum malpighi/ stratum cyclindricum: It is the the innermost layer, firmly attached with the dermis and is settled on the basement membrane . It is continuously growing layer which push the new cell layers towards surface. It gets nourishment from dermis. Stratum corneum: It is the outermost partially cornified layer consisting of dead cells. It is made up of p...

  Amoeba Amoeba always reproduce asexually. There are different ways of asexual reproduction in Amoeba and they are as follows: 1) Binary Fission: Parent Amoeba divides into two daughter amoebae in favorable conditions. This is known as binary fission. Different phases of mitosis are accompanied with changes in the shape of body. In prophase, body becomes spherical with numerous pseudopodia and nucleus show intranuclear spindle. Chromatids appear as duplicated chromosomes in the nucleus. In metaphase chromosome arrange at the equator. In anaphase daughter chromosomes move towards opposite poles. In telophase. pseudopodia assume normal shape, constriction appear in the middle. One of the daughter retain contractile vacuole and the other acquires new vacuole. Now the parent after binary fission starts living as two individuals which later on grow in size.  Binary Fission in Amoeba 2) Sporulation: Some species of Amoeba reproduce by sporulation. Sporulation begins with breakdown ...

  Golgi Complex / Golgi Apparatus Golgi apparatus is found in all types of eukaryotic cells except the mammalian RBCs. It is absent in prokaryotes. Golgi apparatus are small sacs which are responsible for transporting, modifying and packaging proteins and lipids. The golgi apparatus was discovered by Camillo Golgi in 1898. He discovered them in the nerve cells. Golgi apparatus has a system of outer flattened cisternae which appears as parallel membranes in the form of an ellipse.  There are two faces known as cis and trans face of golgi apparatus. The cis face lies near the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the trans face lies near to the cell membrane. Substances from the rough endoplasmic reticulum enter through the cis face for processing and they exit from the trans face in the form of smaller vesicles. Functions: Packaging center of cell. Proteins are processed and sorted for their transport. Lipid processing. Secretory proteins like hormones are packed into secretory vesic...